Technician. Arrested by Soviet soldiers in Budapest in 1945, he was taken to the Soviet Union. On his return in 1947, he fled to Austria, where he recounted his experiences to a journalist. This prompted the Soviet authorities to rearrest him, and he was sentenced to twenty years’ hard labour on charges of espionage. He spent time in Siberian labour camps in Tayset and in a Moscow prison before returning home in 1955.